The shawl dance, or free dance of the ceremonial shawl, appeared at competitions and powwows in the 1950s. Inspired by other more ancient dances reserved for women, it gave them a chance to demonstrate their grace, endurance and athletic abilities.
The dancers wear a shawl, a ceremonial dress decorated with fringes and long ribbons, and colourful knee-high moccasins, decorated with beads. To add splendour to their costumes, the dancers also wear several pieces of jewellery.
The dancers jump up and down, spreading and twirling their shawls like bird wings. They also spin and do a number of complex steps to the rhythm of the big drum.